PolyDADMAC yo gutunganya amazi yanduye mu nganda zikora divayi: kunoza uburyo bwo gukuraho imyanda no kuyikuraho neza

Bitewe n'impinduka mu musaruro w'ibihe, cyane cyane mu gihe cy'isarura, imiterere y'amazi yanduye yo mu nganda za divayi ishobora gutandukana cyane, bigatuma imikorere yayo ihoraho igorana. Uduce duto duto duto n'udukoko tw'umwimerere akenshi biragoye kubikuraho binyuze mu gusya gusa, bigira ingaruka ku mikorere myiza y'amazi no gucunga umwanda.

Gufungana no gufungana ni intambwe z'ingenzi mu kunoza itandukana ry'amazi akomeye n'ay'umunyu.PolyDADMAC(Polydiallyldimethylammonium Chloride), polymeri ya cationic ifite ubucucike bwinshi, ifasha mu kugabanya uduce duto dufite amashanyarazi mabi, yongera imiterere y’amazi, kandi ikanoza imikorere yo gukuraho imyanda.

Iyi nkuru isobanura uburyo PolyDADMAC ishobora kunoza imikorere yo gutunganya amazi yanduye mu nganda za divayi no gushyigikira uburyo bwo gutunganya amazi yanduye neza no kuyacunga neza.

Umutwaro mwinshi w’ibinyabuzima n’ihindagurika ry’ihindagurika ry’ingirabuzimafatizo za COD

Imwe mu mbogamizi zikomeye zo gutunganya amazi yanduye mu nganda za divayi ni ubwinshi bw’ibikomoka ku bimera. Amazi yanduye aturuka mu gutunganya no guhinga imizabibu ashobora kuba arimo isukari, ibisigazwa bya alcool, aside organic, n’ibindi binyabutabire bishongesha, bigatuma urugero rwa COD na BOD ruzamuka.

Umutwaro w’ibikomoka ku bimera ntuhoraho mu mwaka wose. Mu gihe cyo gusarura imizabibu no gukora divayi, imiterere y’amazi yanduye ishobora guhinduka vuba, bigatuma hakenerwa cyane uburyo bwo gutunganya amazi yanduye. Uburyo bwo kuyatunganya bugomba kuba bworoshye bihagije kugira ngo bushobore guhangana n’izi mpinduka mu gihe hakomeza kubaho imikorere ihamye yo kuyakuraho.

Ibintu by'ingenzi bimanitse neza n'uduce twa Colloidal

Amazi yanduye yo mu nganda akunze kuba arimo ibintu bikomeye binini, harimo uruhu rw'imizabibu, ibisigazwa by'ibinure, uturemangingo tw'umusemburo, na colloids z'umwimerere. Utu duce twinshi dufite utunyangingo duto n'ubuso bubi, bigatuma bigorana kwihagararaho mu buryo busanzwe.

Hatabayeho gufungana no gufungana neza, utu duce duto dushobora kuguma mu mazi, bigatuma amazi yongera ubushuhe kandi bikagabanya imikorere myiza y’uburyo bwo kuyavura nyuma yaho.

Imbogamizi zo gucunga umwanda

Gukuraho ibintu by’umwimerere n’ibintu bikomeye bivamo imyanda bitera imyanda mu gihe cyo gutunganya amazi yanduye. Ariko, imyanda yakozwe nabi ishobora kugira amazi menshi, umuvuduko wo kugabanuka kw’amazi, ndetse no kudakora neza kw’amazi.

Kubwibyo, gukora neza kw'amazi ni ingenzi, atari mu kunoza ubuziranenge bw'amazi gusa, ahubwo no mu kugabanya ingorane zo gucunga imyanda n'amafaranga yo kuyikoresha.

Ku nganda zikora divayi, kunoza itandukanyirizo ry’amazi akomeye n’ay’umucanga binyuze mu gukurura amazi neza ni intambwe y’ingenzi mu kugera ku musaruro uhamye kandi mwiza wo gutunganya amazi yanduye.

Ubuvuzi bw'umubiri

Ubuvuzi bw'umubiri ubusanzwe ni cyo cyiciro cya mbere cyo gucunga amazi yanduye mu nganda zikora divayi. Kibanda ku gukuraho uduce duto no kugabanya ingano y'ibintu bikomeye bivamo mbere yo gukomeza kuyatunganya.

Inzira zisanzwe zikoreshwa mu mubiri zirimo:

• Gusuzuma:Ikuraho ibikoresho binini nk'uruhu rw'imizabibu, amashami, n'ibindi bisigazwa bikomeye.
• Gutwika:Ituma uduce duto cyane duhagaze duhagarara neza mu buryo busanzwe.
• Kuyungurura:Bifasha gukuraho uduce duto duto twamanitse mbere yo kuvurwa neza.

Nubwo uburyo bukoreshwa mu gukuraho ibintu bikomeye, akenshi ntibuhagije mu gukuraho uduce duto twa koloyide n'ibindi bintu by'umwimerere byashongeshejwe.

Ubuvuzi bw'ibinyabuzima

Ubuvuzi bw’ibinyabuzima bukoreshwa cyane mu gutunganya amazi yanduye mu nganda zikora divayi bitewe nuko imyanda ihumanya ikirere ishobora kwangirika cyane. Udukoko duhindura ibintu by’umwimerere mo ibintu byoroshye, bigafasha kugabanya urugero rwa COD na BOD.

Imikorere isanzwe ya biyoloji ikubiyemo:

• Sisitemu z'imyanda zikora neza
• Igogora ridafite umwuka uhagije
• Ubuvuzi bw'ibinyabuzima bwo mu kirere
• Ingirabuzimafatizo z'ibinyabuzima zo mu bwoko bwa Membrane (MBR)

Imikorere ya biyolojiya ishobora kugera ku musaruro mwiza wo gukuraho ibinyabuzima, ariko imikorere yabyo ishobora kugira ingaruka ku mpinduka zitunguranye mu miterere y'amazi yanduye, ubwinshi bw'ibintu bikomoka ku bimera, cyangwa kuba hari ibintu bibuza amazi nka polyphenols.

Ku nganda zikora divayi zifite ibihe bitandukanye cyane, kubungabunga imikorere y’ibinyabuzima bishobora kugorana hatabayeho kuvura neza mbere y’uko zivurwa.

Ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ryo gutunganya no kongera gukoresha amazi

Bitewe n’uko ibikorwa byo kubungabunga amazi bikomeje kwiyongera, inganda zikora divayi zirimo gushakisha ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ryo kuyatunganya kugira ngo zinoze uburyo bwo kuyagarura no kuyakoresha mu buryo bushya.

Uburyo busanzwe bwo gukora ibintu buteye imbere burimo:

• Kuyungurura uturemangingo
• Uburyo bugezweho bwo kugabanya ubushyuhe (AOPs)
• Uburyo bwo kuvura karubone ikoresheje umwuka
• Ikoranabuhanga ryo gukuraho intungamubiri

Ubu buryo bushobora kunoza ubwiza bw'amazi yasukuwe no gushyigikira intego z'ubukungu zizunguruka. Ariko, kuvura neza mbere y'uko amazi asohoka biba ngombwa kugira ngo bigabanye ibintu bikomeye birinda kwangirika, cyane cyane iyo hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga rya membrane.

Uruhare rw'isukura ry'amazi mu gutunganya amazi yanduye mu nganda zikora divayi

Nubwo ikoranabuhanga rigezweho mu kuvura ibinyabuzima n’iry’ikoranabuhanga rigezweho rigira uruhare runini, gutandukanya amazi n’amazi neza biracyari intambwe y’ingenzi mu gucunga amazi yanduye mu nganda zikora divayi. Gukuraho amazi y’ibinyampeke n’amazi y’umwimerere mbere yo kuyatunganya bishobora kunoza uburyo ahagaze kandi bikagabanya imbogamizi mu mikorere.

Mu kongera ubushobozi bwo gufunga no gufunga amazi, PolyDADMAC ishobora gufasha gutunganya amazi yanduye mu nganda za divayi neza, kunoza imiterere yo gufunga amazi, no kugira uruhare mu gucunga amazi yanduye neza.

Kugabanya umutwaro ku buvuzi bw'ibinyabuzima

Uburyo bwo kuvura hifashishijwe ibinyabuzima bukora neza iyo ibintu bikomeye bimanitse n'ibintu bikomoka ku bimera bya colloidal bikuweho mbere. Gukoresha neza ibidukikije bigabanya ingano y'ibintu bikomoka ku bimera byinjira mu byuma bikoresha ibinyabuzima, bigafasha mu kubungabunga imikorere ihamye ya mikorobe no kunoza imikorere yo kuvura, cyane cyane mu gihe amazi mabi ahindagurika.

Kunoza uburyo amazi ahagarara n'uburyo asukurwa

Ubwiza bw'amatafari yakozwe mu gihe cyo kuyatunganya bugira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku micungire y'amatafari. Amatafari akomeye kandi magufi ahita ashira vuba kandi agatanga amatafari yoroshye kuyakuramo amazi, bigabanya ingano y'amatafari kandi bikagabanya ikiguzi cyo kuyatwara no kuyajugunya. Imiterere myiza y'amatafari yakozwe inafasha mu mikoreshereze myiza y'amatafari yo gukurura amazi n'ibikoresho byo kuyakuramo amazi.

Gushyigikira isuku n'ikoreshwa ry'amazi mu buryo buhanitse

Inganda nyinshi zikora divayi zirimo gukoresha ikoranabuhanga rigezweho mu gutunganya divayi, nko kuyungurura membrane, kugira ngo zuzuze amahame akomeye yo gusohora cyangwa zigatuma amazi akoreshwa. Gusukura neza bikuraho igice kinini cy'ibintu bikomeye bimanitse mbere y'izi sisitemu, bigafasha kugabanya kwanduza membrane, kunoza imikorere yo kuyungurura, no kongera igihe cyo gukoresha ibikoresho.

Uruhare rwa PolyDADMAC mu Gutunganya Imiterere y'Ibintu

Kugira ngo flocculation igende neza biterwa ahanini no guhitamo flocculant ikwiye. PolyDADMAC ni polymeri ya cationic ifite ingufu nyinshi igabanya vuba uduce duto dufite ingufu nke kandi igatuma floc nini kandi zikomeye zibaho. Kubera iyo mpamvu, irushaho kunoza ubusobanuro, yihutisha gutandukanya amazi akomeye n'amazi, kandi yongera ubushobozi bwo gukuraho imyanda, bigatuma iba igisubizo cyiza cyo gutunganya amazi yanduye mu nganda za divayi.

Uburyo PolyDADMAC Ikora mu gutunganya amazi yanduye mu nganda zikora divayi

PolyDADMAC (Polydiallyldimethylammonium Chloride) ni polymeri ya cationic ifite ubucucike bwinshi ikoreshwa cyane nk'igikoresho cy'ibanze cyo gufunga cyangwa gufunga mu gutunganya amazi yanduye mu nganda. Mu gutunganya amazi yanduye yo mu nganda zikora divayi, irushaho gufunga no gufunga binyuze mu kubuza uduce duto duhagaze no guteza imbere ikorwa ry'udusimba tunini kandi twinshi. Ibi bituma habaho gutandukanya amazi akomeye n'amazi, kugabanya ubushyuhe, no kunoza gukuraho umwanda.

Ibyiza byo gukoresha PolyDADMAC mu gutunganya amazi yanduye mu nganda zikora divayi

PolyDADMAC itanga ibyiza byinshi byo gutunganya amazi yanduye mu nganda za divayi binyuze mu kunoza uburyo amazi afungana n’imikorere myiza yo gufungana. Ubucucike bwayo bwinshi bwa cationic charge butuma ibice bihagarara hamwe na colloids by’umwimerere bihungabana vuba, bigatuma habaho gutandukanya neza amazi akomeye n’amazi. Byaba bikoreshwa nk’umusemburo w’ibanze cyangwa nk’umusemburo w’umusemburo hamwe n’umusemburo w’inorganic, PolyDADMAC ishobora gufasha inganda za divayi kunoza imikorere yazo mu gihe igabanya ikiguzi cy’imikorere.

• Gutandukanya ibintu bikomeye n'amazi byarushijeho kuba byiza:Imwe mu nyungu z'ingenzi za PolyDADMAC ni ubushobozi bwayo bwo kongera gukuraho ibintu bikomeye bihagaze n'ibintu bikomoka ku bimera. Mu gukuraho uduce duto dufite ingufu nke no guteza imbere ikorwa ry'udusimba tunini kandi twinshi, PolyDADMAC yihutisha ubwiyongere bw'amazi kandi ikanoza imikorere myiza. Gutandukanya neza ibintu bikomeye n'amazi bigabanya ubushyuhe n'ibintu bikomeye bihagaze mu mazi yavuwe, bigatuma habaho imiterere myiza yo kuvurwa n'ibinyabuzima biri hasi, guhindagurika kw'umwuka ushongeshejwe (DAF), cyangwa kuyungurura membrane.
• Uburyo bwo kuvura neza cyane hakoreshejwe imiti mike:Ugereranyije no kwishingikiriza gusa ku miti isanzwe idakoresha ikoranabuhanga, ikoreshwa rya PolyDADMAC rishobora kunoza imikorere y’imiti ikoreshwa mu gufungana ku gipimo gito. Ubushobozi bwayo bukomeye bwo kugabanya ingufu butuma sisitemu zo kuvura zikora neza mu gihe zikoresha imiti ikoreshwa mu gufungana n’imiti ikoreshwa mu gufungana. Gukoresha neza imiti ikoreshwa mu gupima ibinini bishobora kunoza imikorere y’imiti no kugabanya ikiguzi cy’imikorere muri rusange.
• Uburyo bwo gutuza imyanda no kuyikuraho amazi:Gucunga neza imyanda ni ikintu cy'ingenzi mu gutunganya amazi yanduye mu nganda zikora divayi. PolyDADMAC ifasha mu gushyiraho amafi magufi kandi yihuta atuma amazi yangirika kandi afite imiterere myiza yo kuyakuramo. Ubwiza bw'imyanda bushobora kugabanya ingano y'imyanda, kugabanya igihe cyo kuyakuramo, no kugabanya ikiguzi cyo kuyatwara no kuyajugunya, bigatuma imikorere y'inganda irushaho kuba myiza.
• Imikorere ihamye mu gihe amazi yanduye ahinduka:Imiterere y'amazi yanduye yo mu nganda za divayi ishobora guhinduka cyane mu mwaka wose bitewe no gusarura imizabibu mu bihe by'umwaka, gahunda yo kuyitunganya, n'ibikorwa byo kuyisukura. Uku guhinduka gukunze kugira ingaruka ku mikorere myiza yo kuyitunganya. Bitewe n'ubwinshi bwayo bwinshi bw'amashanyarazi ya cationic hamwe n'imikorere yayo yihuse yo gufungana, PolyDADMAC ishobora gufasha mu kubungabunga amazi yanduye mu bihe bitandukanye, bigatuma inzira yo kuyitunganya irushaho kuba nziza haba mu gihe cy'umusaruro mwinshi ndetse no mu gihe kitari icy'umwaka.
• Gushyigikira uburyo bwo kuvura no kongera gukoresha amazi mu buryo bugezweho:Inganda nyinshi zikora divayi zishora imari mu ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ryo gutunganya divayi kugira ngo zuzuze amabwiriza akaze yo gusohora amazi no kongera uburyo bwo kongera gukoresha amazi. Gutunganya neza mbere yo gukoresha ni ngombwa kugira ngo birinde sisitemu zo hasi ibintu bikomeye bivamo amazi n'ibintu bihumanya ibidukikije. Mu kunoza ubuziranenge no kugabanya uburemere bw'uduce mbere yo kuyungurura membrane cyangwa izindi nzira zigezweho, PolyDADMAC ifasha kugabanya ubushyuhe, kongera imikorere myiza yo kuyungurura, no kongera igihe cyo gukoresha ibikoresho. Ibi bituma iba igice cy'ingenzi mu ngamba zirambye zo gutunganya amazi yanduye mu nganda zikora divayi zigamije kubungabunga amazi no kubahiriza amategeko agenga ibidukikije.

PolyDADMAC ugereranije n'ibice gakondo bya Coagulants byo mu nganda zikora divayi

imiti isanzwe igabanya ubukana bw'ibinure, nkaSulfate ya aluminiyumu(alum), ferric chloride, na polyaluminum chloride (PAC), bimaze igihe kinini bikoreshwa mu gutunganya amazi yanduye mu nganda za divayi kugira ngo bikureho ibintu bikomeye bivamo kandi bigabanye ubushyuhe. Nubwo iyi miti igira akamaro mu bikorwa byinshi, imikorere yayo ishobora guterwa n'imiterere y'amazi yanduye, pH, n'ihindagurika ry'ibihe.

PolyDADMAC itanga uburyo butandukanye. Nk'umuti wa cationic polymer ufite ingufu nyinshi, ugabanya vuba uduce duto dufite ingufu nke kandi ugatera imbere kurema uduce duto kandi duto. Ishobora gukoreshwa nk'umuti w'ibanze uhuza uduce cyangwa, akenshi, nk'umuti uhuza uduce duto duhuza uduce duto kugira ngo kunoze imikorere y'imiti muri rusange.

Ni ngombwa kumenya ko PolyDADMAC atari ngombwa ko isimbuza imiti isanzwe ivanga amazi. Mu buryo bwinshi bwo gutunganya amazi yanduye mu nganda zikora divayi, umusaruro mwiza uboneka iyo uvanze PolyDADMAC n'imiti ivanga amazi nk'ay'ibumba nka PAC cyangwa aluminium sulfate. Iyi miti ivanga amazi ivanga vuba uduce duto duto, mu gihe PolyDADMAC yongera gukura kw'amazi kandi igakomeza imiterere y'amazi, bigatuma amazi ahagarara vuba kandi agatandukana neza n'amazi.

Gahunda nziza yo kuvura iterwa n'imiterere y'amazi yanduye yo mu ruganda rwa divayi, harimo COD, ibintu bikomeye bivamo, pH, n'ihindagurika ry'ibihe. Gukora ibizamini byo muri laboratwari ni byiza kugira ngo hamenyekane uburyo bwiza bwo kuvanga imiti n'ingano kugira ngo hagerwe ku musaruro wifuzwa wo kuvura.

Mu kugereranya ibipimo bitandukanye n'uburyo bwo kuvura, abakora bashobora kumenya gahunda y'imiti ihendutse cyane mu gihe birinda gukoresha imiti irenze urugero.

Hitamo Impamyabumenyi ya PolyDADMAC Ikwiye

Ibicuruzwa bya PolyDADMAC biboneka mu buremere butandukanye bwa molekile, ubucucike bwa charge, n'ubucucike. Guhitamo urwego rukwiye ni ingenzi kuko imiterere y'amazi yanduye igira ingaruka ku mikorere ya flocculation. Ibintu by'ingenzi bigomba kuzirikanwa birimo:

• Ubucucike bw'umushari:Ubucucike bw'umuvuduko bugena ubushobozi bwa PolyDADMAC bwo kugabanya uduce duto dufite umuvuduko mubi. Amazi yanduye yo mu nzabibu arimo urugero rwinshi rw'uturemangingo tw'umusemburo, utubumbe tw'umwimerere, n'ibintu bito binini bishobora gukenera polymer ifite umuvuduko uhagije wa cationic kugira ngo ishobore guhungabana neza.
• Uburemere bwa molekile:Uburemere bwa molekile bigira ingaruka ku miterere ya floc no ku mikorere yayo. Polima nyinshi z'uburemere bwa molekile zishobora gufasha gukora floc nini, mu gihe uburemere buke bwa molekile bushobora gutanga uburyo bworoshye bwo kugabanya charge. Uburinganire bwiza buterwa n'imiterere y'uturemangingo n'uburyo bwo kuvura.
• Ibisabwa mu kwita ku bintu no kubikemura:Uburyo PolyDADMAC yinjijwemo n'ubukana bwayo bigira ingaruka ku bipimo byo kubika, gushonga no kuyipima. Gutegura neza no kuyipima bifasha mu kwemeza ko ivurwa neza kandi ikora neza.

Kongera Igipimo n'Imiterere yo Kuvanga

Igipimo gikwiye cya PolyDADMAC ni ingenzi cyane. Igipimo kidahagije gishobora gutuma uduce duhindagurika tudakora neza, mu gihe igipimo kirenze urugero gishobora gutuma umuriro usubira inyuma no kugabanya ubushobozi bwo guhindagurika. Mu gihe cyo gukoresha, abakora bagomba kunoza igipimo cy’ibinyabutabire, imbaraga zo kuvanga vuba, igihe cyo guhindagurika, n’imimerere yo kuruhuka. Kuvanga neza bituma molekile za PolyDADMAC zigera ku duce duhagaze neza mu gihe birinda gucibwa cyane bishobora kwangiza uduce twakozwe.

Huza PolyDADMAC n'indi miti yo kuvura iyo bikenewe

Mu buryo bwinshi bwo gutunganya amazi yanduye mu nganda zikora divayi, PolyDADMAC ikoreshwa hamwe n'izindi coagulants cyangwa flocculants kugira ngo haboneke umusaruro mwiza. Uruvange rusanzwe rurimo:

• PolyDADMAC + PAC (Polyaluminum Chloride):Binoza uburyo amaraso agwa n'imiterere y'uturemangingo.
• PolyDADMAC + Aluminium Sulfate:Yongera gukuraho uduce duto no gusobanura neza.
• PolyDADMAC + PAM:Binoza imbaraga z'amazi no gukuraho amazi mu buryo butuma amazi asohoka.

Uburyo bwiza bwo guhuza amazi yanduye buterwa n'ubwiza bw'amazi yanduye, intego zo kuyatunganya, n'ibikoresho bihari.

Genzura imikorere y'ubuvuzi buri gihe

Kubera ko imiterere y'amazi yanduye yo mu nganda z'inzabibu ishobora guhinduka mu gihe cyose cyo kuyatunganya, gukurikirana buri gihe ni ingenzi kugira ngo hakomeze kubaho imikorere ihamye yo kuyatunganya. Ibipimo by'ingenzi birimo ubushyuhe, kugabanya COD, gukuraho ibintu bikomeye bihagaze, igipimo cyo gushiraho umwanda, no gukuraho amazi mu nganda z'inzabibu. Isuzuma rihoraho rifasha abakora mu nganda guhindura ingano ya PolyDADMAC no gukomeza gutunganya amazi yanduye neza mu gihe habayeho impinduka mu mikorere. Mu guhitamo urwego rwa PolyDADMAC rukwiye, kunoza ingano, no kuyashyira mu nzira ikwiye yo kuyatunganya, inganda z'inzabibu zishobora kubona ibisobanuro birambuye, gucunga neza umwanda, no gutunganya amazi yanduye neza.

Umwanzuro: Kunoza uburyo bwo gutunganya amazi yanduye mu nganda za divayi hakoreshejwe PolyDADMAC

Amazi yanduye yo mu nganda zikora divayi arimo ibintu byinshi by’umwimerere, ibintu bikomeye bivamo, n’ibindi bintu bihumanya ikirere, bigatuma kuvura neza bigorana. Gufunga neza no gufunga neza ni ingenzi mu kunoza itandukana ry’amazi akomeye n’amazi no gukomeza gukora neza mu kuvura.

PolyDADMAC, polymeri ya cationic ifite ingufu nyinshi, ifasha mu kugabanya uduce tw’amazi dufite ingufu nke, yongera imiterere y’amazi, kandi ikanatuma amazi agabanuka neza. Iyo itoranijwe neza kandi igapimwa, ishobora gufasha mu gutunganya amazi yanduye mu nganda za divayi no kugabanya imbogamizi mu mikorere. Binyuze mu gukoresha neza, PolyDADMAC itanga igisubizo cyizewe cyo kunoza imikorere myiza y’amazi yanduye, gukuraho amazi yanduye, no gucunga amazi yanduye mu buryo burambye.