Ikigo gishinzwe gutunganya amazi yanduye mu ibagiro

Intangiriro: Imbogamizi zo gutunganya amazi yanduye mu ibagiro

Umukozi ushinzwe gutunganya inkoko mu nganda yagennye igiciro cyacu cy'inkoko PolyDADMAC ibicuruzwa kugira ngo byongere ikiguzi cy'ibinyabutabire no kunoza imikorere myiza mu gihe cy'imikorere igoye mu buzima busanzwe.

Amazi yanduye yo mu ibagiro ni imwe mu myanda igoye cyane mu kuvura bitewe n’uko ari menshi mu bintu bikomeye, poroteyine, ibinure, amavuta, ibisigazwa by’amaraso n’ibintu bikomoka ku bimera. Iyi myanda igira uruhare mu kongera ubushyuhe, ubwinshi bw’umwuka wa ogisijeni (COD), n’ubwinshi bw’umwuka wa ogisijeni (BOD), bigatuma habaho gukenera cyane uburyo bwo gufunga no gufunga amazi.

Ku nganda nyinshi zitunganya amazi yanduye, aluminiyumu sulfate ikomeza kuba umuti ugabanya ubukana bw’amazi bitewe n’uko iboneka kandi ikaba ifite igiciro gito. Ariko, gutunganya amazi yanduye yo mu ibagiro akenshi bisaba ingano nyinshi, kongera ikoreshwa ry’imiti, gukora imyanda, n’ikiguzi cyo kuyakoresha.

Iyi nyigo igaragaza ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi bwakozwe n'inganda zitunganya inkoko zasuzumye umusaruro wacu wa PDADMAC (PolyDiallyl Dimethyl Ammonium Chloride) nk'igice cya gahunda yazo yo kuvura. Twatanze umusaruro hamwe n'inama zo kuwukoresha hashingiwe ku mikorere y'umukiriya. Umukiriya yakoze igerageza ry'ibimera anagereranya imikorere n'uburyo busanzwe bwo kuvura.

Ibisubizo byagaragaje ko igipimo gito cyo kuvura gishobora kugerwaho mu gihe hagabanywa amafaranga akoreshwa mu buvuzi muri rusange, bigatanga inyungu zifatika mu bukungu hatabayeho kwangiza imikorere y’ubuvuzi.

Inkomoko y'inganda: Gushyira ibintu byinshi bihumanya ikirere n'ibitera umwuka ufungana bisaba

Amazi yanduye akorwa mu gihe cyo gutunganya inkoko n'amatungo arimo uruvange rw'ibintu bihumanya, birimo:

Amaraso na poroteyine zishongesha
Ibinure n'amavuta by'inyamaswa
Ibirungo bito bimanitse neza
Uduce tw'ubwoya n'uturemangingo
Ubunini bw'ibintu bikomoka ku binyabuzima
Ihindagurika rya pH n'ihindagurika ry'ibihe by'umwaka

Ugereranyije n'amazi yanduye yo mu mujyi, amazi yanduye yo mu ibagiro muri rusange agaragaza ubwinshi bw'amazi yanduye. Uko ingano y'umusaruro ihinduka umunsi wose, imiterere y'amazi yanduye nayo ishobora guhinduka cyane, bigatuma ibisobanuro bihoraho birushaho kugorana.

Gufunga neza ni ngombwa cyane mu gukuraho ibintu bikomeye bihagaze mbere yo kuvurwa cyangwa gusohora mu buryo bw'ibinyabuzima. Guhitamo imiti ikwiye yo kuvura bigira uruhare runini mu kugenzura ikiguzi cy'imikorere no kubungabunga imikorere ihamye.

Imiterere y'abakiriya: Gushaka igisubizo cya Coagulants na Flocculants gihendutse

Umukiriya ni ikigo kinini gitunganya inkoko gifite uburyo bwihariye bwo gutunganya amazi yanduye.

Intego yayo yo kuvura yari yoroshye:

Gukomeza imikorere ihamye yo gusobanura ibintu
Gabanya ikoreshwa ry'imiti
Amafaranga make yo gukoresha buri kwezi
Kunoza imikorere y'ubuvuzi muri rusange

Mbere y’isuzuma, ikigo cyifashishaga cyane cyane aluminiyumu sulfate mu gufunga. Nubwo uburyo bwari busanzweho bwahuraga n’ibisabwa mu musaruro, abahanga mu by’inganda babonye ko igipimo cyari gikenewe cyari kiri hejuru, bigatuma habaho amafaranga menshi ya buri kwezi yakoreshejwe mu buvuzi. Bityo, umukiriya yatangiye gusuzuma ubundi buryo bwo gufunga bushobora kunoza imikorere y’ifunga mu gufunga mu gihe bugabanya ikoreshwa ry’imiti yose.

Ikigo gishinzwe gutunganya amazi y'imyanda ku bakiriya b'inkoko

Uburyo bwo kuvura hakoreshejwe Coagulant gakondo ya Aluminium Sulfate

Mbere yo gusuzuma PDADMAC, umukiriya yishingikirizaga kuri aluminium sulfate nk'ikintu cy'ingenzi gikoreshwa mu gutunganya amazi yanduye. Igipimo cy'imikorere cyari hafi 340 ppm, hamwe n'ikoreshwa ry'imiti buri kwezi rya toni zigera kuri 180. Iyi gahunda yo kuvura yatumye ikiguzi cy'imiti cya buri kwezi cyaba kingana n'amadolari y'Amerika 63.000.

Nubwo imikorere y’ubusobanuro bw’ibicuruzwa yahuye n’ibyo uruganda rwari rukeneye gukora, ingano nini y’ibicuruzwa yagize uruhare mu kongera ikoreshwa ry’ibinyabutabire, umusaruro w’ibinyabutabire wiyongera, ndetse n’ibiciro byo gukora byazamutse. Kubera iyo mpamvu, umukiriya yatangiye gushaka uburyo bwo kunoza imikorere y’ibinyabutabire mu gihe yagabanyaga ikoreshwa ry’ibinyabutabire muri rusange.

Isuzuma n'Isuzuma ry'Imikoreshereze ya PolyDADMAC

Nyuma yo gusuzuma imiterere y'amazi yanduye y'umukiriya n'imiterere y'imikorere ye, twatanze ibicuruzwa byacu bya PDADMAC tunatanga inama ku bijyanye no gusuzuma ingano y'amazi n'uburyo bwo kuyagerageza.

Ni ngombwa kumenya ko gahunda yo gutunganya amazi yanduye, ingamba zo kuyapima, n'uburyo bwo kunoza imikorere byagenwe kandi byemezwa n'umukiriya mu gihe cy'igeragezwa ryabereye aho hantu. Inshingano zacu zari ugutanga ubuziranenge bw'ibicuruzwa n'ubuyobozi bwa tekiniki kugira ngo bishyigikire inzira yo gusuzuma.

Intego y'igerageza kwari ukureba niba PDADMAC ishobora kunoza imikorere y'amaraso akoreshwa mu gufunga no kugabanya ikoreshwa ry'imiti muri rusange ugereranije na gahunda yo kuvura yari isanzweho.

Ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry'igerageza ry'ibimera rya PolyDADMAC Coagulant Aid

Umukiriya yakoze igerageza rigereranya mu gihe gisanzwe cyo gukora akoresheje imiyoboro y'amazi yanduye imwe. Mu gihe cy'isuzuma, imikorere yo kuvura yakurikiranwe buri gihe kugira ngo hamenyekane neza neza, ariko hagakorwa gahunda yo kugabanya buhoro buhoro ingano y'imiti.

Ibipimo by'ingenzi by'isuzuma byari bikubiyemo:

Imikorere y'ibisobanuro
Kwirema kw'urubuto rw'umukungugu
Ibiranga uburyo bwo gukemura ibibazo
Ikoreshwa ry'imiti
Ikiguzi cyo gukoresha

Aho gusimbuza inzira yose yo kuvura, umukiriya yibanze ku kureba niba gukoresha neza PDADMAC bishobora kunoza imikorere y’imitsi ifungana no kugabanya ingano y’imiti ikenewe. Isuzuma ryakozwe mu byiciro byinshi by’umusaruro kugira ngo harebwe ko ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi bigaragaza imiterere nyayo y’imikorere aho kuba ibyagaragaye mu gihe gito muri laboratwari.

Ibisubizo by'igerageza: Kuzigama amafaranga menshi no kugabanya igipimo

Nyuma yo gushyira PDADMAC (PolyDADMAC) mu buryo bwo gufungana, umukiriya yabonye ko uburyo bwo gutunganya amazi yanduye bugumana imikorere ihamye mu gihe bukora ku gipimo gito cyane. Igipimo mpuzandengo cyo kuyatunganya cyagabanutse kigera kuri 200 ppm, kandi ikiguzi cya buri kwezi cya shimi cyaragabanutse kigera hafi ku madolari ya Amerika 52.000.

Ugereranyije n’imiterere y’imikorere y’inganda, gahunda yakozwe neza yagabanyije igipimo cy’imiti ku kigero cya 41% kandi yazanye amafaranga azigamwa buri kwezi agera ku madolari y’Amerika 11.000. Hashingiwe ku mikorere y’inganda ihoraho, ibi bigaragaza ko amafaranga ashobora kuzigamwa buri mwaka agera ku madolari y’Amerika 132.000.

Igereranya ry'imikorere: Porogaramu ya Aluminiyumu Sulfate vs. PDADMAC

Nyuma y’isuzuma ry’uruganda, umukiriya yemeje ko gushyira PDADMAC (PolyDADMAC) mu gikorwa cyo gufungana byazamuye imikorere myiza yo kuvura ariko bigabanya cyane ikoreshwa ry’imiti.

Ugereranyije na gahunda yo kuvura ya mbere, igipimo cy'imiti cyasabwaga cyagabanijwe uhereye kuri340 ppm kugeza 200 ppm, ihagarariye hafiKugabanuka kwa 41%Amafaranga akoreshwa mu buvuzi buri kwezi yagabanutse ugereranyije n'igihe kingana naAmadorari ya Amerika 63,000 kugeza 52,000, bigatuma haboneka amafaranga ateganyijwe yo kuzigama buri kwezi agera kuriAmadorari y'Amerika 11.000n'amafaranga ashobora kuzigama buri mwaka agera kuriAmadorari y'Amerika 132,000.

Uretse kugabanya ikiguzi cy'imikorere, umukiriya yabonye imiterere ihamye y'amazi n'imikorere ihamye mu gihe cyose cy'isuzuma. Ibi bisubizo bigaragaza ko, iyo ikoreshejwe neza, PDADMAC ishobora kongera imikorere ya coagulants zisanzwe, igafasha ibigo bisukura amazi yanduye mu nganda kunoza imikorere myiza mu gihe bigabanya ikoreshwa ry'imiti.

Nubwo imikorere yo gutunganya amazi iterwa n'imiterere y'amazi yanduye, imiterere y'imikorere, n'imiterere y'inganda, uru rubanza rugaragaza uburyo PolyDADMAC ifite ingufu nyinshi ishobora gufasha mu gutunganya amazi yanduye mu ibagiro.

Impamvu PolyDADMAC Yongereye Ingufu mu Kuvura

Amazi yanduye yo mu ibagiro arimo ibice byinshi bya kolloidal bifite ingufu nke, harimo poroteyine, ibintu byiza by’ibinyabuzima, n’ibinure bya emulsified. Ibi bice biragoye kubikuraho hakoreshejwe imiti isanzwe idakora gusa, cyane cyane iyo imiterere y’amazi yanduye ihindagurika.

PolyDADMAC (PolyDiallyl Dimethyl Ammonium Chloride)ni polymeri ya cationic ifite ubucucike bwinshi ikora cyane cyane binyuze mu kugabanya ubushyuhe no guhungabanya uduce duto.

Muri uru rwego rwo gukoresha, PDADMAC yagize uruhare mu kunoza imikorere mu buryo butandukanye:

Guteza imbere uburyo bwo gushyushya:Imiterere ikomeye ya cationic ya PDADMAC ifasha mu kugabanya uduce duto duto dufite amashanyarazi mabi, bigabanura ikenerwa rya inorganic coagulants.
Kunoza imiterere y'ibimera:Iyo bimaze kwangirika, uduce duto twiyongera vuba tukavamo uduce duto, bikongera ubushobozi bwo gukurura no kugabanya ubushyuhe.
Gutandukanya ibintu bikomeye n'amazi vuba:Amafi akomeye kandi afite ubucucike bwinshi arushaho gutuza vuba, bigatuma imikorere y’amabara agaragara neza mu bice by’ibanze by’amafi.
Kugabanuka k'ubusabe bw'amaraso afungana:Kubera ko uburyo bwo guhungabanya umutekano bwarushijeho kwiyongera, sisitemu ikenera sulfate nke ya aluminiyumu kugira ngo igere ku musaruro nk'uwo.
Uburyo bwo kunoza imikorere:Sisitemu ifashishijwe na polymer itanga ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira ihindagurika ry’imiterere y’amazi yanduye, nk’uko bikunze kugaragara mu bikorwa byo mu ibagiro.

Izindi nyungu z'imikorere zagaragaye hamwe na PDADMAC

Uretse kugabanya ikiguzi cy’imiti, umukiriya yanagaragaje impinduka nyinshi mu mikorere mu gihe cy’isuzuma:

Imikorere ihamye yo gusobanura neza mu gihe cy'umusaruro mwinshi
Imyitwarire myiza yo gutuza ibishanga
Kugabanuka kw'ihindagurika ry'imyanda yavuwe
Uburemere bwo gukoresha imiti bugabanuka bitewe n'uko ibipimo bigabanuka.
Kunoza uburyo bwo kugenzura ibikorwa muri rusange

Izi ntambwe zagize uruhare mu kunoza ibikorwa byo gusukura amazi yanduye buri munsi no kugabanya stress ku bakozi bavura.

Ibintu by'ingenzi ku bakoresha amazi yanduye n'abatanga ibyuma bitanga amazi

Iri suzuma rigaragaza imyanzuro myinshi y'ingenzi ku bakora ibikorwa byo gutunganya amazi yanduye mu nganda:

Amazi yanduye yo mu ibagiro akenera ingamba zo gufunga neza cyane bitewe n'imiterere yayo igoye
Igipimo kinini cya sulfate ya aluminiyumu ntigituma habaho imikorere myiza
Guhagarika umuriro bishingiye kuri polymer bishobora kongera cyane imikorere myiza y'amaraso akoreshwa mu gufungana kw'amaraso
Kugabanya igipimo cy'imiti birashoboka hatabayeho impinduka zikomeye mu bikorwaremezo
Gutunganya ibikorwa bishobora kugabanya amafaranga menshi mu gihe kirekire

Ni ngombwa gushimangira ko ibisubizo bishobora gutandukana bitewe n'imiterere y'amazi yanduye, imiterere ya sisitemu, n'imiterere y'imikorere. Buri kigo kigomba gukora isuzuma ryacyo kugira ngo hamenyekane ingamba zikwiye zo kuyapima.

Umuyoboro w’ibinyabutabire bya Yuncang utunganya ibicuruzwa mu buryo bwa kijyambere

Inganda zigezweho n'ubuziranenge

Dukoresha imiyoboro ikora imiti ifite ubushobozi bwo hejuru kuva mu 2009. Duharanira ko uruhererekane rw'ibicuruzwa rukora neza kandi ko ibicuruzwa bihora bitunganywa neza ku isi hose.

Ku bijyanye na PolyDADMAC yacu: Abatanga serivisi za PolyDADMAC bizeye

PDADMAC yacu (PolyDiallyl Dimethyl Ammonium Chloride) ni polymeri ya cationic ifite imikorere myiza yagenewe gukoreshwa mu bikorwa bitandukanye byo gutunganya amazi mu nganda, harimo:

Inzu y'amabagiro n'amazi mabi atunganyirizwamo inyama
Amazi yanduye y'ibiribwa n'ibinyobwa
Imyanda y'impapuro n'ibinure
Uburyo bwo gutunganya amazi yanduye mu myenda
Uburyo rusange bwo gusobanura amazi yanduye mu nganda

Dutanga PDADMAC mu nganda zihamye zikwiriye uburyo bwo gutanga dosing buhoraho no gukoresha mu buryo butandukanye.

Ntabwo dutanga uburyo bwo gutunganya amazi yanduye cyangwa serivisi zuzuye zo gutunganya imikorere. Ahubwo, twibanda ku gutanga ibikoresho by’imiti bifite ireme rihoraho no gutanga ubuyobozi ku ikoreshwa ryabyo hashingiwe ku makuru atangwa n’abakiriya ku bijyanye n’imikorere y’amazi yanduye. Igishushanyo cya nyuma cyo gutunganya imikorere, guhitamo imikorere, no kunoza imikorere biracyari inshingano z’umukoresha wa nyuma cyangwa umufatanyabikorwa we mu by’ubuhanga.