Ibipimo bitatu ugomba kwitondera muguhitamo PAM

Polyacrylamide(PAM) ni organic organic polymer flocculant ikoreshwa cyane mubijyanye no gutunganya amazi. Ibipimo bya tekiniki bya PAM birimo ionicity, hydrolysis dogere, uburemere bwa molekile, nibindi. Ibi bipimo bigira ingaruka zikomeye kumiterere ya flocculation yo gutunganya amazi. Gusobanukirwa ibi bipimo bizagufasha guhitamo byihuse ibicuruzwa bya PAM nibisobanuro bikwiye.

Kwigunga

Lonicity bivuga niba urunigi rwa PAM rutwara ibintu byiza cyangwa bibi. Urwego rwa ionisation rufite ingaruka zikomeye ku ngaruka zo gukwirakwiza amazi. Muri rusange nukuvuga, hejuru ya ionicity, ningaruka nziza ya flocculation. Ni ukubera ko iminyururu ya ionic cyane ya PAM itwara ibintu byinshi kandi irashobora gukurura neza uduce duto twahagaritswe, bigatuma iteranira hamwe kugirango ikore flok nini.

Polyacrylamide igabanyijemo ahanini anionic (APAM), cationic (CPAM), nubwoko butari ionic (NPAM) bushingiye kuri ionicity. Ubu bwoko butatu bwa PAM bugira ingaruka zitandukanye. Mubikorwa bifatika, ionicity ikwiye igomba guhitamo hashingiwe kubintu nkagaciro ka pH kumazi yatunganijwe, electronegativite, hamwe nubunini bwibice byahagaritswe. Kurugero, kumazi yanduye acide, PAM hamwe na cationicity yo hejuru igomba guhitamo; kumazi ya alkaline, PAM ifite anionicity yo hejuru igomba guhitamo. Mubyongeyeho, kugirango ugere ku ngaruka nziza ya flocculation, birashobora no kugerwaho no kuvanga PAM na dogere zitandukanye za ionic.

Impamyabumenyi ya Hydrolysis (kuri APAM)

Urwego rwa hydrolysis ya PAM bivuga urwego rwa hydrolysis y'amatsinda ya amide kumurongo wa molekile. Urwego rwa hydrolysis rushobora gushyirwa mubice byo hasi, hagati, na dogere nyinshi za hydrolysis. PAM ifite impamyabumenyi zitandukanye za hydrolysis ifite imiterere itandukanye kandi ikoreshwa.

PAM ifite urwego ruto rwa hydrolysis ikoreshwa cyane mubyimbye no gutuza. Yongera ubwiza bwigisubizo, ituma ibice byahagaritswe bikwirakwira neza. Ikoreshwa cyane mu gucukura amazi, gutwikira, no mu nganda zibiribwa.

PAM ifite urwego ruciriritse rwa hydrolysis igira ingaruka nziza ya flocculation kandi irakwiriye kuvura amazi meza. Irashobora kwegeranya uduce duto twahagaritswe kugirango tugire flok nini binyuze muri adsorption hamwe nikiraro, bityo bigerweho vuba. Ikoreshwa cyane mubice byo gutunganya imyanda yo mumijyi, gutunganya amazi mabi yinganda, hamwe no kubura umwanda.

PAM ifite urwego rwo hejuru rwa hydrolysis ifite ubushobozi bwa adsorption hamwe na decolorisation kandi ikoreshwa kenshi mugucapa no gusiga amarangi gutunganya amazi mabi nizindi nzego. Irashobora kwamamaza neza no gukuraho ibintu byangiza mumazi mabi, nk'amabara, ibyuma biremereye, hamwe nibinyabuzima, binyuze mumashanyarazi hamwe nitsinda rya adsorption kumurongo wa polymer.

Uburemere bwa molekile

Uburemere bwa molekuline ya PAM bivuga uburebure bwurunigi rwayo. Mubisanzwe, hejuru yuburemere bwa molekile, nibyiza ingaruka za flocculation ya PAM. Ibi ni ukubera ko uburemere buke bwa PAM bushobora kurushaho kwamamaza adsorb zahagaritswe, bigatuma ziteranya hamwe kugirango zikore floc nini. Mugihe kimwe, uburemere buke bwa molekuline PAM ifite ubushobozi bwiza bwo guhuza no guhuza ibiraro, bishobora kuzamura imbaraga no guhagarara kwa floc.

Mubikorwa bifatika, uburemere bwa molekile ya PAM ikoreshwa mugutunganya imyanda yo mumijyi no gutunganya amazi mabi yinganda bisaba ibisabwa cyane, muri rusange kuva miriyoni kugeza kuri miliyoni icumi. Uburemere bwa molekuline busabwa PAM ikoreshwa mukuvura umwanda wa hydrade ni bike, mubisanzwe kuva kuri miriyoni kugeza kuri miliyoni icumi.

Mu gusoza, ibipimo nka ionicity, dogere hydrolysis, nuburemere bwa molekuline nibintu byingenzi bigira ingaruka kumikorere ya PAM mugutunganya amazi. Mugihe uhisemo ibicuruzwa bya PAM, ugomba gusuzuma byimazeyo ubwiza bwamazi hanyuma ugahitamo ukurikije ibipimo bya tekiniki bya PAM kugirango ubone ingaruka nziza ya flocculation, kunoza imikorere, nubwiza bwo gutunganya amazi.