Ibipimo bitatu ugomba kwitondera mu gihe uhitamo PAM

Polyacrylamide(PAM) ni organic polymer flocculant ikoreshwa cyane mu bijyanye no gutunganya amazi. Ibipimo bya tekiniki bya PAM birimo iyonicity, hydrolysis degree, uburemere bwa molekile, nibindi. Ibi bimenyetso bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku ngaruka za flocculation zo gutunganya amazi. Gusobanukirwa ibi bimenyetso bizagufasha guhitamo vuba ibicuruzwa bya PAM hamwe n'ibipimo bikwiye.

Ubumuga

Ubugari bw'amazi busobanura niba uruhererekane rwa molekile rwa PAM rufite charge nziza cyangwa mbi. Urwego rwa ionization rugira ingaruka zikomeye ku ngaruka za flocculation zo gutunganya amazi. Muri rusange, uko iyonicity irushaho kuba nyinshi, niko ingaruka za flocculation ziba nziza. Ibi biterwa nuko imiyoboro ya molekile ya PAM ifite charge nyinshi kandi ishobora kwinjiza neza uduce duhagaze, bigatuma duterana tugakora floc nini.

Polyacrylamide igabanyijemo ubwoko bwa anionic (APAM), cationic (CPAM), na non-ionic (NPAM) hashingiwe kuri iyoonic yazo. Ubwo bwoko butatu bwa PAM bufite ingaruka zitandukanye. Mu mikoreshereze ifatika, iyoonic ikwiye igomba gutoranywa hashingiwe ku bintu nk'agaciro ka pH k'amazi yavuwe, electronegativity, n'ubwinshi bw'uduce duto duhagaze. Urugero, ku mazi yanduye aside, PAM ifite cationicity nyinshi igomba gutoranywa; ku mazi yanduye ya alkaline, PAM ifite anionicity nyinshi igomba gutoranywa. Byongeye kandi, kugira ngo hagerwe ku ngaruka nziza zo gukurura, ishobora kandi kugerwaho uvanze PAM na dogere zitandukanye za iyoonic.

Ingano ya Hydrolysis (kuri APAM)

Igipimo cya hydrolysis ya PAM kivuga ku gipimo cya hydrolysis y'amatsinda ya amide ku ruhererekane rwa molekile zayo. Igipimo cya hydrolysis gishobora gushyirwa mu byiciro bibiri: igipimo cyo hasi, igipimo cyo hagati, n'igipimo cyo hejuru cya hydrolysis. PAM ifite igipimo cyo gu hydrolysis gitandukanye ifite imiterere n'akamaro bitandukanye.

PAM ifite hydrolysis nke ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gukurura no gutuza. Yongera ubukana bw'umuti, bigatuma uduce duto duto dukwirakwira neza. Ikoreshwa cyane mu gucukura amazi, gutwikira, no mu nganda z'ibiribwa.

PAM ifite hydrolysis iri hagati ifite ingaruka nziza zo gukurura amazi kandi ikwiriye uburyo butandukanye bwo gutunganya amazi meza. Ishobora guhuriza hamwe uduce duto duto kugira ngo tugire uduce duto duto binyuze mu kuyungurura no kugabanya amazi, bityo ikagera ku rwego rworoshye. Ikoreshwa cyane mu bijyanye no gutunganya imyanda mu mijyi, gutunganya amazi yanduye mu nganda, no kugabanya amazi mu myanda.

PAM ifite urwego rwo hejuru rwa hydrolysis ifite ubushobozi bukomeye bwo kuyungurura no gukuraho ibara ry’amazi yanduye kandi ikunze gukoreshwa mu gucapa no gusiga irangi amazi yanduye n’ahandi hantu. Ishobora guhumeka no gukuraho neza ibintu byangiza mu mazi yanduye, nk’irangi, ibyuma biremereye, n’ibintu bikomoka ku bimera, binyuze mu matsinda y’ibicuruzwa biyungurura amazi ku muyoboro wa polymer.

Uburemere bwa molekile

Uburemere bwa molekile ya PAM bwerekeza ku burebure bw'uruhererekane rwa molekile. Muri rusange, uko uburemere bwa molekile burushaho kuba bwinshi, niko ingaruka za PAM zirushaho kuba nziza. Ibi biterwa nuko PAM ifite uburemere bwinshi bwa molekile ishobora kwinjiza neza uduce duto duto, bigatuma duterana tugakora flocs nini. Muri icyo gihe, PAM ifite uburemere bwinshi bwa molekile ifite ubushobozi bwo guhuza no guhuza, bishobora kongera imbaraga n'ubudahangarwa bwa floc.

Mu bikorwa bifatika, uburemere bwa molekile ya PAM ikoreshwa mu gutunganya imyanda mu mijyi no mu gutunganya amazi yanduye mu nganda busaba ibisabwa byinshi, muri rusange kuva kuri miliyoni kugeza kuri miliyoni icumi. Uburemere bwa molekile ya PAM ikoreshwa mu gutunganya imyanda ni buke, muri rusange buri hagati ya miliyoni na miliyoni icumi.

Mu gusoza, ibipimo nka iyonisiti, urugero rwa hydrolysis, n'uburemere bwa molekile ni ibintu by'ingenzi bigira ingaruka ku ngaruka za PAM mu gutunganya amazi. Mu guhitamo ibicuruzwa bya PAM, ugomba gusuzuma neza ubwiza bw'amazi no guhitamo ukurikije ibipimo bya tekiniki bya PAM kugira ngo ubone ingaruka nziza zo gukurura amazi, wongere imikorere myiza, n'ubwiza bw'imitako y'amazi.