Polyacrylamide, yitwa PAM, ni polymeri ifite uburemere buhanitse bwa molekile. Bitewe n'imiterere yayo yihariye ya shimi, PAM ikoreshwa cyane mu nganda nyinshi. Mu nzego nko gutunganya amazi, peteroli, ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro no gukora impapuro, PAM ikoreshwa nk'umuti ufasha mu kunoza ubwiza bw'amazi, kongera imikorere myiza y'ubucukuzi, no kunoza ubwiza bw'impapuro. Nubwo PAM ifite ubushobozi buke bwo gushonga mu mazi, binyuze mu buryo bwihariye bwo kuyashongesha, dushobora kuyashongesha neza mu mazi kugira ngo agire akamaro mu bikorwa bitandukanye by'inganda. Abakora bagomba kwitondera amabwiriza yihariye y'imikorere yayo mbere yo kuyikoresha, n'ingamba zo kwirinda kugira ngo umusaruro w'ibicuruzwa urusheho kuba mwiza kandi umutekano w'umuntu ku giti cye.
Imiterere n'imiterere ya Polyacrylamide
PAM ikunze kugurishwa mu buryo bwa ifu cyangwa emulsion. Ifu ya PAM y'umwimerere ni ifu nziza y'umweru kugeza ku muhondo woroshye kandi ifite hygroscopic gato. Bitewe n'uburemere bwayo bwinshi bwa molekile n'ubukana bwayo, PAM ishonga buhoro buhoro mu mazi. Uburyo bwihariye bwo kuyishonga bugomba gukoreshwa mu gushonga PAM kugira ngo ishonge neza mu mazi.
Uburyo bwo gukoresha PAM
Mu gihe ukoresha PAM, ugomba kubanza guhitamobikwiyeFlocculanthamwe naIbipimo bikwiye hakurikijwe ikoreshwa ry’amazi n’ibikenewe. Icya kabiri, ni ngombwa cyane gukora ibizamini by’ibicupa hakoreshejwe ingero z’amazi n’icyuma gifunga amazi. Mu gihe cyo gufunga amazi, umuvuduko n’igihe byo gukangura bigomba kugenzurwa kugira ngo haboneke ingaruka nziza zo gufunga amazi. Muri icyo gihe, ingano y’icyuma gifunga amazi igomba kugenzurwa buri gihe kandi igahindurwa kugira ngo hamenyekane ko ubuziranenge bw’amazi n’ubucukuzi bw’amabuye y’agaciro n’ibindi bipimo by’imikorere byujuje ibisabwa. Byongeye kandi, zirikana cyane ingaruka z’icyuma gifunga amazi mu gihe cyo kuyakoresha, kandi ufate ingamba ku gihe kugira ngo uhindure niba hari ibintu bidasanzwe.
Bifata igihe kingana iki kugira ngo bishire nyuma yo gushonga?
Iyo PAM imaze gushonga burundu, igihe cyayo cyo gukora kigirwaho ingaruka cyane cyane n'ubushyuhe n'urumuri. Ku bushyuhe bw'icyumba, igihe cyo gukora cy'umuti wa PAM akenshi ni iminsi 3-7 bitewe n'ubwoko bwa PAM n'uburyo umuti ukoreshwa. Kandi ni byiza kuwukoresha mu masaha 24-48. Umuti wa PAM ushobora gutakaza ubushobozi mu minsi mike iyo ushyizwe ku zuba igihe kirekire. Ibi biterwa nuko, iyo izuba rikoresheje imiyoboro ya molekile ya PAM ishobora gucika, bigatuma ingaruka zayo zo gushonga zigabanuka. Kubwibyo, umuti wa PAM uvanze ugomba kubikwa ahantu hakonje kandi ugakoreshwa vuba bishoboka.
Amabwiriza yo Kwirinda
Ugomba kwitondera ibi bikurikira mu gihe ukoresha PAM:
Ibibazo by'Umutekano: Mu gihe ukoresha PAM, ugomba kwambara ibikoresho byo kwirinda byabugenewe, nk'indorerwamo zo kwirinda za shimi, amakoti yo muri laboratwari, n'uturindantoki twa shimi. Muri icyo gihe, irinde ko uruhu rwaba ruhuye n'ifu ya PAM cyangwa umuti wayo.
Amaraso n'amasaso: PAM iraserera cyane iyo ivanze n'amazi, bityo witondere cyane kugira ngo wirinde ko ifu ya PAM isukika cyangwa ngo ipfundikizwe cyane hasi. Iyo isukiwe cyangwa ipfundikishijwe ku bw'impanuka, ishobora gutuma ubutaka bunyerera kandi igateza akaga gakomeye ku mutekano w'abakozi.
Gusukura no gukora ku ruhu: Niba imyenda yawe cyangwa uruhu rwawe rwahuye n'ifu ya PAM cyangwa umuti, ntukajye woza n'amazi. Hanagura ifu ya PAM witonze ukoresheje igitambaro cyumye ni bwo buryo bwizewe.
Kubika no Kurangiriraho: PAM y'ibice ikwiye kubikwa mu gikoresho kidapfa urumuri kure y'izuba n'umwuka kugira ngo ikomeze kugira umusaruro mwiza. Kumara igihe kirekire ugaragara ku zuba n'umwuka bishobora gutuma ibicuruzwa binanirwa cyangwa bikangirika. Kubwibyo, hagomba gutoranywa uburyo bukwiye bwo gupakira no kubika kugira ngo hamenyekane ubwiza n'ubuziranenge bw'ibicuruzwa. Iyo ibicuruzwa bigaragaye ko bitagifite agaciro cyangwa byarangiye, bigomba gukemurwa ku gihe kandi bigasimbuzwa ikindi gicuruzwa gishya kugira ngo hirindwe ingaruka ku ikoreshwa n'umutekano bisanzwe. Muri icyo gihe, hagomba kwitabwaho kugenzura igihe ibicuruzwa bimara mbere yo kubikoresha no kwemeza ko bifite akamaro mbere yo kubikoresha binyuze mu bizamini cyangwa igenzura rikwiye kugira ngo harebwe ko byujuje ibisabwa.
Igihe cyo kohereza: 30 Ukwakira 2024