Itandukaniro nogushyira mubikorwa cationic, anionic na nonionic PAM？

Polyacrylamide(PAM) ni polymer itandukanye ikoreshwa cyane mugutunganya amazi, gukora impapuro, gukuramo amavuta nindi mirima. Ukurikije imiterere ya ionic, PAM igabanijwemo ubwoko butatu bwingenzi: cationic (Cationic PAM, CPAM), anionic (Anionic PAM, APAM) na nonionic (Nonionic PAM, NPAM). Ubu bwoko butatu bufite itandukaniro rigaragara mumiterere, imikorere no gushyira mubikorwa.

1. Cationic polyacrylamide (Cationic PAM, CPAM)

Imiterere n'imiterere:

Cationic PAM: Ni umurongo ugizwe na polymer. Kuberako ifite amatsinda atandukanye akora, irashobora gukora hydrogène ihuza ibintu byinshi kandi cyane cyane ikwirakwiza colloide mbi. Birakwiye gukoreshwa mubihe bya acide

Gusaba:

- Gutunganya amazi mabi: CPAM ikunze gukoreshwa mugutunganya amazi mabi y’amazi yanduye nabi, nkimyanda yo mumijyi, gutunganya ibiryo byanduye, nibindi.

- Inganda zimpapuro: Mubikorwa byo gukora impapuro, CPAM irashobora gukoreshwa nkumukozi ukomeza kandi ugumana umukozi kugirango uzamure imbaraga nigipimo cyimpapuro.

- Gukuramo amavuta: Mu murima wa peteroli, CPAM ikoreshwa mu kuvura ibyondo byo gucukura kugirango bigabanye kuyungurura no kubyimba.

2. Anionic polyacrylamide (Anionic PAM, APAM)

Imiterere n'imiterere:

Anionic PAM ni polymer-amazi ashonga. Mugutangiza ayo matsinda ya anionic kumugongo wa polymer, APAM irashobora kwitwara nibintu byashizwemo neza. Ikoreshwa cyane cyane muri flocculation, gutembera no gusobanura amazi mabi yinganda. Birakwiye gukoreshwa mubihe bya alkaline.

Gusaba:

- Gutunganya amazi: APAM ikoreshwa cyane mumazi yo kunywa no gutunganya amazi mabi yinganda. Irashobora guhuza ibice byahagaritswe binyuze mu kutabogama kw'amashanyarazi cyangwa adsorption, bityo bigatuma amazi meza aba meza.

- Inganda zimpapuro: Ninkunga yo kugumana no kuyungurura, APAM irashobora kunoza imikorere yo kuyungurura amazi ya pulp nimbaraga zimpapuro.

- Kwambara ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro na Ore: Mugihe cyo guhinduranya no gucukura amabuye y'agaciro, APAM irashobora guteza imbere gucengera ibice by'amabuye y'agaciro no kuzamura igipimo cyo kugarura amabuye.

- Gutezimbere Ubutaka: APAM irashobora kunoza imiterere yubutaka, kugabanya isuri, kandi ikoreshwa cyane mubuhinzi nimboga.

3. Nonionic Polyacrylamide (Nonionic PAM, NPAM)

Imiterere n'imiterere:

Nonionic PAM ni polymer ndende cyangwa polyelectrolyte ifite umubare munini wa genes ya polarike mumurongo wa molekile. Irashobora adsorb ibice bikomeye byahagaritswe mumazi no mukiraro hagati yibice kugirango bigire floccules nini, byihutishe gutembera kwingirangingo muguhagarika, kwihutisha ibisobanuro byumuti, no guteza imbere kuyungurura. Ntabwo ikubiyemo amatsinda yishyuwe kandi igizwe ahanini nitsinda amide. Iyi miterere ituma yerekana neza kandi itajegajega mugihe kidafite aho kibogamiye kandi acide nkeya. Nonionic PAM ifite ibiranga uburemere buke bwa molekile kandi ntabwo ihindurwa cyane nagaciro ka pH.

Gusaba:

- Gutunganya Amazi: NPAM irashobora gukoreshwa mugutunganya umuvuduko muke, amazi meza, nkamazi yo murugo n'amazi yo kunywa. Akarusho kayo nuko ifite imiterere ihuza n'imihindagurikire y’amazi na pH.

- Inganda z’imyenda n’irangi: Mu gutunganya imyenda, NPAM ikoreshwa nkibyimbye hamwe na stabilisateur kugirango irusheho guhuza irangi no gusiga irangi.

- Inganda zibyuma: NPAM ikoreshwa nkamavuta na coolant mugutunganya ibyuma kugirango bigabanye ubukana no kunoza imikorere.

- Ubuhinzi n’ubuhinzi bwimbuto: Nkubutaka bw’ubutaka, NPAM irashobora kuzamura ubushobozi bwo gufata amazi yubutaka kandi igatera imbere gukura kw ibihingwa.

Cationic, anionic na nonionic polyacrylamide ifite imirima ningaruka zinyuranye bitewe nuburyo bwihariye bwimiti nibiranga amafaranga. Gusobanukirwa no guhitamo ibikwiyePAMUbwoko burashobora kunoza cyane imikorere ningaruka kugirango bikemure inganda zitandukanye.