Uburyo bwo kunoza umusaruro mu nganda zikora impapuro binyuze muri polyacrylamide

Polyacrylamideni inyongeramusaruro ikoreshwa cyane mu nganda z'impapuro. Polyacrylamide (PAM), nk'umuti ushongesha amazi, ifite ubushobozi bwo gukurura, gukuba, gukwirakwiza ibintu bitandukanye n'ibindi. Izakoreshwa mu bikorwa bitandukanye bitandukanye bifite imirimo itandukanye. Mu nganda zikora impapuro, PAM igira uruhare runini. Yazanye inyungu zikomeye mu bukungu mu nganda zikora impapuro binyuze mu kunoza imiterere y'impapuro no kongera imikorere myiza y'imashini zikora impapuro. Iyi nkuru izavuga ku buryo burambuye ku ikoreshwa rya polyacrylamide mu gukora impapuro n'ingaruka zayo mu kunoza imikorere myiza y'umusaruro.

Imiterere n'imikorere by'ibanze bya polyacrylamide

Polyacrylamide ni polymeri ifite molekile nyinshi ishobora kugabanywamo ubwoko butari ionic, anionic, cationic na amphoteric bitewe n’imiterere yayo ya charge. Iyo PAM ishongeshejwe mu mazi, kandi imiterere yayo ya molekile ifite uruhererekane rurerure ituma igira imikorere myiza nko gukurura, gukurura, gufasha kugumana, no gufasha kuyungurura. Mu nganda z’impapuro, polyacrylamide ikoreshwa cyane cyane muri ibi bikurikira:

1. Imfashanyo yo kubika ibintu:

Molekile za PAM zifite imiterere miremire y’uruhererekane kandi zishobora kwinjizwa ku buso bw’imigozi n’ibinyuzwa mu byuma bitunganya imyanda kugira ngo bikore ibiraro. Bityo bikongera umuvuduko wo kubika imigozi n’ibinyuzwa mu byuma bitunganya imyanda ku rubuga rw’impapuro. Bigabanya igihombo cya fibre mu mazi yera kandi bigabanya igihombo cy’ibikoresho fatizo. Mu kongera umuvuduko wo kubika imigozi n’ibinyuzwa mu byuma bitunganya imyanda, imiterere y’impapuro nk’uburyo bworoshye, uburyo bwo gucapa, n’imbaraga byazo bishobora kunozwa.

2. Imfashanyigisho yo kuyungurura:

Kunoza imikorere yo gukura amazi mu ruhu, kwihutisha inzira yo kuyungurura amazi no kugabanya ikoreshwa ry'ingufu.

3. Flocculant:

Kwihutisha amazi yo mu butaka: PAM ishobora gukurura neza uduce duto, utuzu duto two mu butaka n'ibindi bintu bimanitse mu butaka kugira ngo bikore uduce duto tw'ubutaka, kwihutisha ikwirakwira ry'ubutaka no kubura amazi, no kugabanya ikiguzi cyo gutunganya ubutaka.

Kunoza ubwiza bw'amazi: PAM ishobora gukuraho neza ibintu bikomeye bimanitse n'ibintu bikomoka ku bimera mu mazi yanduye, kugabanya BOD na COD mu mazi yanduye, kunoza ubwiza bw'amazi, no kugabanya ihumana ry'ibidukikije.

4. Uduce duto two gukwirakwiza:

Kurinda kwegerana kwa fibre: PAM ishobora gukumira kwegerana kwa fibre mu ruhu, kunoza imiterere y’uruhererekane rw’uruhererekane, no kunoza ubwiza bw’impapuro.

Ikoreshwa rya polyacrylamide mu ikoranabuhanga ryo gukora impapuro

1. Icyiciro cyo gutegura ibinure

Mu gihe cyo gutegura impumuro y'amazi, insinga nto n'ibice byuzuza amazi bitakaza byoroshye iyo amazi yanduye, bigatera imyanda y'umutungo kamere n'ihumana ry'ibidukikije. Gukoresha cationic polyacrylamide nk'uburyo bwo kubika amazi bishobora gufata no gusana insinga nto n'ibice byuzuza amazi mu mpumuro binyuze mu kugabanya ingufu no kuzihuza. Ibi ntibigabanya gusa igihombo cy'insinga, ahubwo binagabanya uburyo amazi yanduye yiyongera.

2. Sisitemu yo kunywesha imashini y'impapuro

Mu buryo bw'impapuro bukoreshwa mu kumena, kumena vuba ni ingenzi mu kunoza imikorere myiza y'umusaruro. Polyacrylamide ya anionic cyangwa nonionic ishobora gukoreshwa nk'igikoresho cyo kuyungurura kugira ngo byorohereze amazi kuva mu miterere y'urusobe rw'imigozi binyuze mu kunoza uburyo imigozi ihuzwa. Iyi gahunda igabanya cyane igihe cyo kumena amazi ariko ikagabanya ingufu zikoreshwa mu gihe cyo kuma.

3. Icyiciro cyo gukora impapuro

Nk'igikoresho cyo gukwirakwiza, polyacrylamide ishobora gukumira kuzura kwa fibre no kunoza uburyo impapuro zigenda neza n'ubuso bwazo. Mu guhitamo neza uburemere bwa molekile n'ubucucike bwa PAM, imiterere y'impapuro zirangiye, nko gukomera kw'imitsi no gukomera kw'imitsi, nabyo bishobora kunozwa. Byongeye kandi, polyacrylamide ishobora no kunoza uburyo impapuro zipfutse zipfutse zikora kandi bigatuma imikorere yo gucapa impapuro irushaho kuba myiza.

Ibyiza by'ingenzi bya polyacrylamide mu kunoza imikorere myiza y'umusaruro

1. Kugabanya igihombo cy'ibikoresho fatizo

Gukoresha uburyo bwo kubika ibintu bifasha cyane mu kongera umuvuduko wo kubika ibintu mu migozi, bigabanya ikoreshwa ry'ibikoresho fatizo, kandi bikagabanya ikiguzi cyo kubitunganya.

2. Kwihutisha inzira yo kubura amazi mu mubiri

Gukoresha uburyo bwo kuyungurura bituma inzira yo gukura amazi irushaho kuba nziza, bityo bikongera umuvuduko w'imikorere y'imashini y'impapuro kandi bikagabanya igihe cyo kuyikora. Ibi ntibyongera gusa ubushobozi bwo kuyikora, ahubwo binagabanya ikoreshwa ry'ingufu.

3. Gabanya umuvuduko wo gutunganya amazi yanduye

Mu kunoza ingaruka zo gukurura amazi, polyacrylamide ishobora kugabanya neza ingano y'ibintu bikomeye biri mu mazi yanduye, ikagabanya uburyo amazi asukurwa n'imyanda aturuka mu isoko kandi ikagabanya ikiguzi cyo kurengera ibidukikije cy'ibigo.

4. Kunoza ubwiza bw'impapuro

Gukoresha imiti igabanya ubushyuhe bituma ikwirakwizwa ry’impapuro rirushaho kuba rimwe, bikongera cyane imiterere y’impapuro n’ishusho, kandi bikongera ubushobozi bwo guhangana ku isoko ry’umusaruro.

Ibintu bigira ingaruka ku ngaruka zo gukoresha polyacrylamide

Kugira ngo polyacrylamide ikore neza, hagomba kwibandwa ku bintu bikurikira:

1. Guhitamo moderi ya PAM

Uburyo butandukanye bwo gukora impapuro n'ubwoko butandukanye bw'impapuro bifite ibisabwa bitandukanye ku buremere bwa molekile n'ubucucike bwa PAM. PAM ifite uburemere bwinshi bwa molekile ikwiriye gukoreshwa mu gukurura no gufasha mu kuyungurura, mu gihe PAM ifite uburemere buke bwa molekile ikwiriye gukwirakwira.

2. Kongeramo ingano n'uburyo bwo kongeramo

Ingano ya PAM yongewemo igomba kugenzurwa neza. Ingano irenze urugero ishobora gutera ingaruka mbi, nko kugira ingaruka ku musaruro cyangwa kongera ikiguzi cy'umusaruro. Muri icyo gihe, hakwiye gukoreshwa uburyo bwo kongeramo ibintu mu buryo bumwe kugira ngo hirindwe ko ibyo bintu byiyongera ku buryo byagira ingaruka ku ngaruka.

3. Imiterere y'ibikorwa

Ubushyuhe, pH n'imiterere y'amazi byose bigira ingaruka ku mikorere ya PAM. Urugero, PAM ya cationic ikora neza mu miterere ya aside cyangwa aside nkeya, mu gihe PAM ya anionic ikwiriye ibidukikije bya alkaline.

Nk’inyongeramusaruro mu nganda zikora impapuro, polyacrylamide igira uruhare runini mu kunoza imikorere myiza y’umusaruro, kugabanya ikiguzi cy’umusaruro no kunoza ireme ry’umusaruro hamwe n’imiterere myiza yo gukurura, kubika, kuyungurura no gukwirakwiza. Mu bikorwa bifatika, amasosiyete agomba guhitamo neza no kunoza imiterere y’ikoreshwa rya PAM hashingiwe ku miterere y’imikorere yayo n’ibyo akeneye kugira ngo agere ku nyungu nziza mu bukungu no mu bidukikije.