Amazi yahoraga ari umwe mu mitungo y'agaciro ku isi. Bitewe n'ubwiyongere bw'umusaruro w'inganda no kwihutisha iterambere ry'imijyi, umutekano w'amazi, ibidukikije birambye, no gukoresha neza uburyo asukurwa birimo kuba ibibazo bikomeye ku isi. Mu bigo by'amazi byo mu marembo no mu nganda zitunganya amazi yanduye, amategeko akaze yo kubungabunga ibidukikije, izamuka ry'ibiciro by'imikorere, ndetse n'ubukangurambaga bw'abaturage buri kwiyongera birimo guhindura uburyo amazi asukurwa, asubirwamo, kandi agakoreshwa.
Mu mwaka wa 2026, inganda n’ibigo by’amazi bitunganya amazi ku isi bizakomeza gutera imbere mu buryo bwiza, burambye, umutekano urushaho kwiyongera, no guhuza ikoranabuhanga mu buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga. Ku bakora, abakwirakwiza, n’abakora imishinga bakora imiti itunganya amazi, imiti yica udukoko, imiti igabanya ubukana bw’amazi, hamwe n’imiti ikoreshwa mu gutunganya amazi, gusobanukirwa ibi bizagenda neza mu gihe kizaza ni ingenzi mu igenamigambi ry’ingamba no gushyira isoko mu mwanya waryo.
Iyi nkuru izasuzuma inzira z'ingenzi mu gutunganya amazi mu nganda no mu mijyi zigomba kwitabwaho muri 2026, igaragaza icyerekezo cy'isoko, udushya mu ikoranabuhanga, impinduka mu mategeko, n'ingaruka zabyo ku bakora, abakwirakwiza, ibigo by'ubwubatsi, n'abakoresha amazi.
Abantu barenga miliyari 2 ku isi batuye mu turere dufite ikibazo cy’amazi make, kandi uyu mubare ukomeje kwiyongera. Umusaruro w’inganda, ubuhinzi, no kwaguka kw’imijyi byose bisaba amazi meza kandi meza menshi. Uko umutungo w’amazi meza ugenda urushaho kugabanuka, kongera gutunganya no gutunganya amazi yanduye ntibikiri amahitamo ahubwo ni ngombwa cyane.
Amategeko akaze y'ibidukikije
Za guverinoma ku isi yose zirimo gukaza imipaka y’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere ku bintu bikurikira:
- Ibintu bikomeye bimanitse
- Ibyuma biremereye
- Fosifore na azote
- Imyuka ihumanya ikirere
- Microplastics
- Indwara zitera indwara
Ibi bituma habaho iterambere ry’uburyo bwo kuvura imiti, uburyo bwo kuyungurura, n’ikoranabuhanga ryo gukurikirana.
Kuvugurura inganda n'ibikorwa remezo
Urugero, mu nganda zikurikira:
- Ibinyabutabire bya peteroli
- Ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro
- Ibinyamisogwe n'impapuro
- Gutunganya ibiribwa
- Imyenda
- Inganda z'ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga
Iyi miryango yose irimo kuvugurura uburyo bwayo bwo gutanga amazi kugira ngo yongere imikorere myiza, igabanye ibyago, kandi igere ku ntego za ESG.
Hagati aho, inganda zitunganya amazi zo mu mujyi zirimo kuvugurura ibikorwa remezo bishaje kugira ngo zibone amazi meza yo kunywa.
Icyerekezo cy'ingenzi cya 1: Gusaba cyane imiti igabanya ubukana n'iy'ibinyabutabire
Gufunga no gufunga amazi biracyari ingenzi mu gutunganya amazi. Isoko ry’inganda rikoresha amazi afunga n’afunga rizakomeza kwaguka mu 2026, cyane cyane muri Aziya, Amerika y’Epfo, no mu Burasirazuba bwo Hagati.
Imiti ikunzwe cyane itera iri terambere irimo:
- Polyaluminum chloride(PAC)
- Polyacrylamide(PAM)
- Polyamines(PA)
- Poly (diallyldimethylammonium chloride) PolyDADMAC
- Chloride ya feri
Iyi miti ifasha gukuraho:
- Ibintu bikomeye bimanitse
- Amavuta
- Ubutaka
- Ibyuma biremereye
- Ibintu by'umwimerere
Kuki icyifuzo kirimo kwiyongera?
- Ibipimo ngenderwaho byo hejuru by'ibyuka bihumanya
- Uburyo bwinshi bwo kongera gukoresha amazi yanduye
- Kwagura inganda
- Imikorere ihendutse
- Ubunini bw'imyanda bwagabanutse ugereranije n'ubunini gakondo.
PAC na PAM bakomeje kuyobora isoko
PAC (polyaluminum chloride) ikomeje kuba iya mbere mu gutunganya no gusya amazi yo kunywa no gutunganya amazi yanduye bitewe na:
- Ubushobozi bwo gufungana cyane
- Uburyo bwo guhuza pH yagutse
- Imikorere yihuse yo gutuza
- Ikiguzi cy'irushanwa
Polyacrylamide, cyane cyane anionic na cationic polyacrylamide, igira uruhare runini mu gukuraho amazi mu myanda, gutandukanya amazi akomeye n’amazi, no mu nzira zo kuzura amazi.
Icyerekezo cy'ingenzi cya 2: Ibisubizo bigezweho byo gusiga ogisijeni no kwica udukoko
Udukoko twanduza indwara n'ibindi bintu bishya, nk'imiti n'ibinyabutabire by'umwimerere, bisaba ikoranabuhanga rigezweho mu kuvura.
Inzego z'ingenzi zirimo iterambere:
- Imiti yica udukoko ishingiye kuri chlorine (urugero: sodium dichloroisocyanurate, aside trichloroisocyanuric, calcium hypochlorite, nibindi)
- aside perasetike
- Uburyo bwo kuvura ozone
- Gukuraho imiyoboro ya Ultraviolet (UV)
- Uburyo bugezweho bwo kugabanya ubushyuhe (AOPs)
By’umwihariko, sisitemu z’amazi zo mu mujyi zikoresha imiti yica udukoko ihamye kandi yizewe kugira ngo amazi meza yo kunywa aboneke.
Impamvu iyi ngeso ari ingenzi:
- Kurengera ubuzima rusange
- Kugabanuka kw'ikwirakwizwa ry'indwara
- Iyubahirizwa ry'amabwiriza ya OMS
- Gukwirakwiza mu buryo bwizewe imiyoboro y'amazi
Ku bijyanye n’inganda, kugenzura mikorobe mu minara ikonjesha, amazi atunganywa, n’amazi yanduye biracyari ingenzi cyane kugira ngo hirindwe ingese, kwangirika, ndetse n’ingaruka mbi ku mutekano.
Icyerekezo cya 3 cy'ingenzi: Iterambere rikomeye mu kongera gukoresha amazi no kuyakoresha
Mu mwaka wa 2026, nta nganda zisohora amazi zizongera gukoresha amazi n’izikoresha amazi zizongera kugira imbaraga.
Inganda zikoresha amazi akoreshwa mu kongera kuyakoresha zirimo:
- Ingufu zikoreshwa mu gutanga amashanyarazi
- Ubucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro
- Ibikoresho bya semiconductor
- Gutunganya
- Ibyokurya n'ibinyobwa
- Imiti
Ibikoresho bitera kwaguka:
- Izamuka ry'ibiciro by'amazi
- Inshingano ku bidukikije
- Intego zo kubungabunga ibidukikije mu nganda
- Amategeko agenga imyuka ihumanya ikirere
Gufungana kw'amaraso, gufungana kw'amaraso, kuyungurura membrane, no kwica udukoko byose bigira uruhare runini muri ubu buryo.
Icyerekezo cya 4 cy'ingenzi: Ibidukikije, Imibereho Myiza n'Imiyoborere (ESG), Ubusugire bw'ibidukikije, n'Ubutabire bw'ibidukikije
Amahame ngenderwaho ku bidukikije, imibereho myiza n'imiyoborere (ESG) agira ingaruka ku byemezo byo kugura no gushora imari ku isi yose.
Ibigo birushaho gusaba:
- Ibinyabutabire bidafite uburozi bwinshi
- Ibisubizo bishobora kubora
- Kugabanuka k'umuvuduko wa karuboni
- Gupfunyika neza kurushaho
- Imiyoboro y'ibicuruzwa ishobora gukurikiranwa
Mu mwaka wa 2026, abakora imiti itunganya amazi yizewe kandi yemewe bazaba bafite inyungu ikomeye mu guhangana nayo.
Icyerekezo cya 5 cy'ingenzi: Kwibanda ku mutekano w'amazi yo kunywa n'ubuzima rusange
Amazi meza yo kunywa aracyari kimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi ku isi.
Inganda zitunganya amazi yanduye zo mu mujyi zibanda cyane cyane kuri ibi bikurikira:
- Kugenzura indwara ziterwa n'udukoko
- Kugabanya ubushuhe
- Gukuraho ibyuma biremereye
- Kunoza uburyohe n'impumuro nziza
- Kurinda ingese y'imiyoboro
Gusabaimiti igabanya ubukana bw'amaraso, imiti yica udukoko, kandi imiti irwanya ingese byitezwe ko izakomeza kwiyongera.
Porogaramu z'inganda zizakwirakwira mu 2026
Inganda z'ingenzi zishingiye ku gusukura amazi zirimo:
- Peteroli na gaze
- Ingufu zikoreshwa mu gutanga amashanyarazi
- Ubuhanga mu by'ibyuma
- Gutunganya imiti
- Ibinyamisogwe n'impapuro
- Uruhu
- Inganda z'imyenda
- Ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga
- Inganda z'ibiribwa
- Imiti, n'ibindi.
Buri nganda isaba imiti yihariye, inyandiko zijyanye no kubahiriza amategeko, n'ubufasha mu bya tekiniki, bigatuma habaho amahirwe menshi ku batanga serivisi zihariye.
Uruhare rw'abatanga imiti yizewe muri 2026
Uko sisitemu zigenda zirushaho kuba ingorabahizi, abakiriya bakeneye ibirenze ibicuruzwa gusa. Bakeneye abafatanyabikorwa bashobora gutanga serivisi zikurikira:
- Itangwa rihamye kandi ryujuje ubuziranenge
- Ubuyobozi bwa tekiniki
- Inkunga y'amategeko
- Ibisubizo byihariye
- Ubushobozi bwo gupima muri laboratwari
- Ibiciro bihiganwa
- Ubufatanye bw'igihe kirekire
Gufunga, gufunga, kwica udukoko, n'ikoranabuhanga rigezweho mu kuvura bizakomeza kuba inkingi z'ingenzi z'inganda. Abakora ibikoresho bafite ubushobozi bukomeye mu gukora, uburambe mu kohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga, n'impamyabushobozi mpuzamahanga bazagira inyungu nyinshi mu gutsinda muri iri soko riri kwiyongera. Ibigo bishobora guhuza imiti myiza, ubuhanga mu bya tekiniki, n'ubufasha bwizewe mu bijyanye n'ibikoresho bizaba abayobozi mu nganda mu myaka iri imbere.
Gutunganya amazi si ikintu gikunze kugaragara mu nganda gusa, ahubwo ni ishingiro ry’ingenzi mu kurengera ibidukikije, iterambere ry’inganda, n’ubuzima rusange. Mu gihe tureba mu 2026, icyifuzo cy’isi yose cyo gukoresha uburyo bwo gutunganya amazi bwizewe, bunoze kandi burambye kizakomeza kwiyongera.
Ibigo bisobanukiwe n'impinduka mu isoko kandi bigakoresha ikoranabuhanga rigezweho bizaba bifite umwanya mwiza wo gukoresha amahirwe mu nganda no mu mijyi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Mutarama 13-2026
