Inganda zo kuvura amazi hamwe no gusaba imiti
Inyuma
Hamwe n'iterambere ryihuse ryinganda, akamaro ko gufatwa mumazi mumusaruro utandukanye winganda uragenda urushaho kugaragara. Gutunganya amazi mu nganda ntabwo ari ihuriro ryingenzi gusa kugirango tumenye neza inzira yimikorere, ariko kandi hakaba ari igipimo cyingenzi cyo kubahiriza amabwiriza agenga ibidukikije hamwe nibisabwa byiterambere birambye.
Ubwoko bwo kuvura amazi
| Ubwoko bwo kuvura amazi | Intego nyamukuru | Ibintu Byingenzi byo kuvura | Inzira nyamukuru. |
| Amazi meza | Kuzuza ibisabwa amazi yo murugo cyangwa inganda | Amazi asanzwe Amazi | Kuzungurira, gutandukanya, coagulation. |
| Gutunganya amazi | Kuzuza ibisabwa byihariye | Inganda amazi | Byoroshye, gushakira, DeoxyGenation. |
| Gukwirakwiza Amazi Gukonjesha Amazi | Menya neza imikorere isanzwe yibikoresho | Gukwirakwiza amazi akonje | Kuvura. |
| Gutunganya amazi | Kurengera ibidukikije | Amazi yinganda | Kuvura imibiri, imiti, ibinyabuzima. |
| Gutunganya amazi | Mugabanye ibicuruzwa bishya | Amazi yakoreshejwe | Bisa no kuvura amazi. |
Bikunze gukoreshwa imiti yo gutunganya amazi
| Icyiciro | Ibisanzwe Byakoreshejwe | Imikorere |
| Umukozi wawe | PAC, Pam, PDADMAC, Polyamine, Aluminium Sulfate, nibindi | Kuraho ibintu byahagaritswe hamwe nibinyabuzima |
| Gutandukana | Nka TCCA, SDIC, Ozone, Chloxide ya Thlorine Dioxyde, Calcine Hypochlorite, nibindi | Yica mikorobe mumazi (nka bagiteri, virusi, ibihumyo na protozoa) |
| ph ashishikarizwa | Aside ahinosulfonic, Naoh, Lime, aside sulfuric, nibindi | Kugenzura amazi ph |
| Ion ion | EDTA, ION Guhana Resin | Kuraho icyuma kiremereye (nk'icyuma, umuringa, kuyobora, Cadmium, Mercure, Nickel, n'ibindi) hamwe nizindi mpeta zangiza mumazi |
| Umunzani | Orcophosphates, Orcophophorus Imodoka ya Carboxy | Irinde gushinga intera by calcium na magnesium ions. Ifite kandi ingaruka zimwe zo gukuraho icyuma |
| DeoxiDizer | Sodium Sulfite, Hydrazine, nibindi | Kuraho ogisijeni yashongesheje gukumira rarision ya ogisijeni |
| Isuku | Acide acide, acide sulfuric, aside aminosulfonic | Kuraho igipimo nubutaka |
| Oxidants | ozone, kugereranya, hydrogen chloride, hydrogen peroxide, nibindi | Kwanduza, gukuraho umwanda no kuzamura ireme ry'amazi, n'ibindi. |
| Koroshya | nk'ikirere na sodium karubone. | Kuraho Ions |
| Ibitsina/Antifoam | Guhagarika cyangwa gukuraho ifuro | |
| Gukuraho | Calcium hypochlorite | Kuraho nh₃-n kuva kumatamanda kugirango bishoboke guhuza ibipimo byo gusohoka |
Turashobora gutanga:
Gutunganya amazi mu nganda bivuga inzira yo kuvura amazi y'inganda no gusohoza amazi binyuze mu mubiri, imiti, ibinyabuzima, ibinyabuzima. Gutunganya amazi mu nganda ni igice cy'ingenzi cy'umusaruro w'inganda, kandi akamaro kacyo kigaragarira mu ngingo zikurikira:
1.1 Kugenzura ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa
Kuraho umwanda mumazi nka vey, uhagarikwa kuri solide, nibindi kugirango uhuze umusaruro ukeneye kandi urebe neza ibicuruzwa.
Kubuza ruswa: ogisijeni yasheshwe, dioxyde de carbon, nibindi mumazi irashobora gutera ibiryo byicyuma no kugabanya ubuzima bwibikoresho.
Igenzura rya mikororings: Bagiteri, algae nandi mikorobe mumazi birashobora gutuma kwanduza ibicuruzwa, bigira ingaruka kumiterere yubuzima nubwubuzima.
1.2 Kunoza imikorere yumusaruro
Mugabanye igihe: Gutunganya amazi bisanzwe birashobora gukumira ibikoresho bitanga umusaruro hamwe na ruswa, gabanya inshuro zo kubungabunga ibikoresho no gusimburwa, bityo bikanoza imikorere yumusaruro.
Uburyo bwo gutunganya ibintu: binyuze mu kuvura amazi, ubuziranenge bw'amazi buhura na gahunda ushobora kubona kugirango habeho umutekano.
1.3 kugabanya ibiciro byakazi
Bika ingufu: binyuze mu kuvura amazi, ibikoresho byo gukoresha ingufu birashobora kugabanuka no kugura umusaruro birashobora gukizwa.
Irinde gupima: Icant ikomeye nka calcium na magneyium ions mumazi bizakora igipimo, gukurikiza hejuru yibikoresho, kugabanya ubushyuhe imikorere.
Kugura ibikoresho byubuzima: Mugabanye ibikoresho byoroshye no gupima, kwagura ibikorwa bya serivisi, kandi bigabanye ibikoresho byo guta agaciro.
Mugabanye ibiciro: Binyuze mu kuvura amazi, imyanda ya biocide irashobora kugabanuka no kugura umusaruro birashobora kugabanuka.
Mugabanye ibiciro fatizo: binyuze mu kuvura amazi, ibikoresho fatizo bisigaye mumyanda bushobora kugarurwa no gusubira mu mikorere, bityo bikagabanye umusaruro w'ibiciro by'ibiciro.
1.4 kurengera ibidukikije
Mugabanye imyuka ihumanya ikirere: Nyuma yinganda zinganda zifatanije, kwibanda ku myuka ihumanya umwanda birashobora kugabanuka kandi ibidukikije byamazi birashobora kurindwa.
Menya ko gutunganya umutungo wamazi: binyuze mumiterere yamazi, amazi yinganda arashobora gukoreshwa no kwishingikiriza kumikoro mishya irashobora kugabanuka.
1.5 byubahiriza amabwiriza y'ibidukikije
Guhura n'ibipimo byumurimo: Amazi yo gutangiza inganda agomba kubahiriza amahame yigihugu kandi yibanze, kandi gutunganya amazi ninzira yingenzi yo kugera kuriyi ntego.
Muri make, kuvura amazi yinganda ntabwo bifitanye isano gusa nibicuruzwa no gukora neza, ariko nanone ku nyungu zubukungu no kurengera ibidukikije. Binyuze mu gutunganya amazi no gutunganya amazi, gukoresha neza umutungo wamazi birashobora kugerwaho hamwe niterambere rirambye ryinganda zirashobora kuzamurwa mu ntera.
Gutunganya amazi mu nganda bikubiyemo imirima itandukanye, harimo imbaraga, imiti, imiti, ibiribwa, ibiryo, ibiryo, n'ibindi.
2.1 Guvura Imbaraga (Amazi mbisi)
Gutegura amazi mbisi mu kuvura amazi yinganda ahanini bikubiyemo ibikamba byibanze, coagulation, imyanda, kwanduza, kwanduza, guhinduranya phic, ibyuma byanyuma. Bisanzwe imiti ikoreshwa irimo:
Coagulants hamwe na flicclants: nka PAC, Pam, Pdadmac, Polyamine, Polyamine, Aluminium Sulfate, nibindi
softeners: nk'ikirere na sodium karubone.
Indege: nka TCCA, SDIC, Calcium hypochlorite, ozone, chlorine dioxyde, nibindi.
ph Impinduka: Nka acide aminosulfonic, sodium hydroxide, lime, aside sulfuric, nibindi.
Tetal ion yakuwe, ion Guhana Rein nibindi,
sCale inhirika: Orcophosphates, Orcophophorus acide ya karubone, nibindi
adSonts: nka karubone ikora, ikora alumina, nibindi
Gukomatanya no gukoresha iyi miti birashobora gufasha kugabanya amazi yinganda byahagaritswe, umwanda kamajuru na mikorobe mumazi, kandi ugabanye ubwo buryo bwumubiri buhuye nubwisanzure, kandi ugabanye umutwaro wo kuvurwa nyuma.
2.2 Gutunganya amazi
Gutunganya imiti y'amazi mu buvuzi bw'inganda ahanini burimo imyifatire, yoroshye, deoxidation, gukuraho icyuma, guhora, gushakishwa no kwanduza. Buri ntambwe isaba imiti itandukanye yo kunoza ubuziranenge bw'amazi no kwemeza imikorere isanzwe y'ibikoresho bitandukanye by'inganda. Imiti rusange ikubiyemo:
| Coagulants hamwe na flicchelints: | nka PAC, Pam, PDADMAC, Polyamine, Aluminium Sulfate, nibindi |
| SOFTELERNES: | nk'ikirere na sodium karubone. |
| Abagizi ba nabi: | Nka TCCA, SDIC, CALCOHLOCLORIITE, Ozone, Chloxide ya dioxyde, nibindi. |
| PH Abashishikarizwa: | nka acide aminosulfonic, sodium hydroxide, lime, acide sulfuric, nibindi. |
| Icyuma gihuza: | EDTA, ION Guhana Resin |
| Umunzani wo murimo: | Orcophosphates, Orcophophorus acide ya karboxy, nibindi |
| Adsorbents: | nka karubone, ikora alumina, nibindi |
Iyi miti irashobora kuzuza ibikenewe bitandukanye byamazi binyuze muburyo butandukanye bwo kuvura amazi, menya neza ko amazi meza ahura nubuziranenge bwumusaruro, kugabanya ingaruka zikoreshwa ryibikoresho, kandi utezimbere imikorere yimikorere.
2.3 Gukwirakwiza amazi akonje
Gukwirakwiza amazi gukonjesha ni igice cyingenzi cyo kuvura amazi yinganda, cyane cyane mubikoresho byinshi byinganda (nkibihingwa byimiti, ibimera byamashanyarazi bikoreshwa cyane kubikoresho byo gukonjesha nibikoresho bikonje. Gukwirakwiza sisitemu y'amazi byoroshye birashobora kwibasirwa no gupima, ruswa, gukura kwa mikorobe nibindi bibazo bitewe nubunini bwamazi manini no kuzenguruka kenshi. Kubwibyo, uburyo bwiza bwo gutunganya amazi bugomba gukoreshwa kugirango tugenzure kandi tumenye neza imikorere ya sisitemu.
Gukwirakwiza amazi gukonjesha bigamije gukumira gupima, kwanduza ibinyabuzima no mu binyabuzima muri sisitemu kandi bikameza neza. Gukurikirana ibipimo nyamukuru mumazi akonje (nka PH, gukomera, gukomera, gushonga ogisijeni, ibigeragezo bya mikorobe, nibindi) no gusesengura ibibazo byiza byamazi kubikorwa byibasiwe.
| Coagulants hamwe na flicchelints: | nka PAC, Pam, PDADMAC, Polyamine, Aluminium Sulfate, nibindi |
| SOFTELERNES: | nk'ikirere na sodium karubone. |
| Abagizi ba nabi: | Nka TCCA, SDIC, CALCOHLOCLORIITE, Ozone, Chloxide ya dioxyde, nibindi. |
| PH Abashishikarizwa: | nka acide aminosulfonic, sodium hydroxide, lime, acide sulfuric, nibindi. |
| Icyuma gihuza: | EDTA, ION Guhana Resin |
| Umunzani wo murimo: | Orcophosphates, Orcophophorus acide ya karboxy, nibindi |
| Adsorbents: | nka karubone, ikora alumina, nibindi |
Iyi miti nuburyo bwo kuvura bufasha kwirinda gupima, kwanduza ka mikorobe, menya neza imikorere yubukonje bwa sisitemu yo gukonjesha, kugabanya ibikoresho byangiritse ningufu, no kunoza imikorere imikorere.
2.4 Kuvura amazi
Inzira yo kuvura amazi yinganda irashobora kugabanywamo ibyinshi ukurikije imiterere yamazi n'amashanyarazi, ahanini no kuvura ibintu bisanzwe, kutabogama kwa Acide, kwanduza, gufatanya no kuvura amazi. Buri lice isaba imiti itandukanye kugirango ikore hamwe kugirango ibeho neza kandi neza inzira yo kuvura amazi.
Kuvura amazi yinganda bigabanyijemo uburyo butatu bwingenzi: Umubiri, imiti na biologiya, kugirango usohoze amahame yo ku mwarahumana no kugabanya umwanda wibidukikije.
Uburyo bw'umubiri:gutandukana, kurwara, flotation, nibindi
Uburyo bwa chimique:kutabogama, redix, kugwa k'umuti.
Uburyo bwibinyabuzima:Gukora SLLGe Uburyo, Biorenne Bioreactor (MBR), nibindi
Imiti rusange ikubiyemo:
| Coagulants hamwe na flicchelints: | nka PAC, Pam, PDADMAC, Polyamine, Aluminium Sulfate, nibindi |
| SOFTELERNES: | nk'ikirere na sodium karubone. |
| Abagizi ba nabi: | Nka TCCA, SDIC, CALCOHLOCLORIITE, Ozone, Chloxide ya dioxyde, nibindi. |
| PH Abashishikarizwa: | nka acide aminosulfonic, sodium hydroxide, lime, acide sulfuric, nibindi. |
| Icyuma gihuza: | EDTA, ION Guhana Resin |
| Umunzani wo murimo: | Orcophosphates, Orcophophorus acide ya karboxy, nibindi |
| Adsorbents: | nka karubone, ikora alumina, nibindi |
Binyuze mu gutondekanya neza iyi miti, amazi yinganda arashobora kuvumbwa kandi akumirwa kugirango yubahirizwe ibipimo, ndetse anakoreshwa, afasha kugabanya umwanda wibidukikije no gukoresha umutungo wibidukikije.
2.5 Gutunganya amazi
Gutunganya amazi bivuga uburyo bwo gucunga umutungo utanga amazi yinganda nyuma yo kuvura. Hamwe no kwiyongera kw'ibura ryamazi, imirima myinshi yinganda yemeje ingamba zo kuvura amazi, ntabwo zikiza umutungo wamazi gusa, ariko nanone bigabanya ikiguzi cyo kuvura no gusohoka. Urufunguzo rwo gutunganya amazi ni ukukuraho umwanda mu mazi kugirango ubwiza bwumutungo buhuze ibisabwa byo kongera gukoresha, bisaba ko gutunganya neza nikoranabuhanga.
Inzira yo kuvura amazi yatunganijwe ahanini nintambwe zikurikira:
Pretreatment:Kuraho ibice binini byangiza kandi amavuta, ukoresheje PAC, PAM, nibindi
Guhindura PH:Hindura ph, imiti isanzwe ikoreshwa harimo sodium hydroxide, acide sulfuric, Calcium hydroxide, nibindi.
Kuvura ibinyabuzima:Kuraho ibintu kama, shyigikira kwangirika kwa mikorobe, koresha amonium chloride, sodium diydrogan forkhate, nibindi.
Guvura imiti:Kuraho kwa okiside y'ibintu kama n'ibyuma biremereye, bikunze gukoreshwa ozone, kugereranywa, sodium sulfide, nibindi.
Gutandukana Membrane:Koresha osmose ya osmose, NanoiflTratie, hamwe nikoranabuhanga rya ultrafiltration kugirango ukureho ibintu bisenyutse no kwemeza ubuziranenge bwamazi.
Kwanduza:Kuraho mikorobe, koresha chlorine, ozone, calcium hypochlorite, nibindi.
Gukurikirana no guhinduka:Menya neza ko amazi yongeye guhura nibipimo no gukoresha abirukira no gukurikirana ibikoresho byo guhinduka.
Ibishyikirwa:Bahagarika cyangwa bakuraho ibibyimba bigabanya amakimbirane yubuso no gusenya ituze ryibifu. .
Calcium hypochlorite:Bakuraho umwanda nka Ammonia azote
Gushyira mu bikorwa ibyo bikorwa n'imiti byemeza ko ubwiza bwamazi yanduye buhuye nubuziranenge bwo gukoresha, kubikesha gukoreshwa neza mumusaruro winganda.
Gutunganya amazi nigice cyingenzi mumisaruro igezweho. Imikorere yacyo no guhitamo imiti bigomba kuba byiza ukurikije ibisabwa byihariye. Gushyira mu gaciro imiti ntibishobora kunoza ingaruka zo kuvura gusa, ahubwo binagabanya amafaranga no kugabanya ingaruka kubidukikije. Mu bihe biri imbere, hamwe no guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga no kunoza ibisabwa byo kurengera ibidukikije, gutunganya amazi y'inganda bizatera imbere muburyo bwiza kandi bwatsi.